Módszerek összehasonlítása

	Propensity Score Matching in Education Research	A különbség-különbségek (Diff-in-Diff) módszer
Tudományterület	Oksági következtetés	Ökonometria
Módszercsalád	Regression model	Regression model
Keletkezés éve	1983 (foundational); education adoption widespread from late 1990s	1994
Megalkotó	Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983); widely adopted in education research via Shadish, Cook & Campbell (2002)	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)
Típus	Quasi-experimental / matching-based causal inference	Causal inference / panel regression
Alapmű	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41-55.	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355
Alternatív nevek	PSM in education, educational PSM, PSM for program evaluation in schools, propensity matching education	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)
Kapcsolódó	5	5
Összefoglaló	Propensity Score Matching (PSM) in education research is a quasi-experimental technique that creates comparable treatment and control groups from observational student, teacher, or school data. By balancing groups on observed background characteristics, it enables credible causal estimates of educational interventions — such as tutoring programs, school choice policies, or teacher professional development — when random assignment is infeasible.	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.