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| Multi-Criteria Site Selection× | Accessibility Analysis× | |
|---|---|---|
| Tudományterület≠ | Urban Studies | Human Geography |
| Módszercsalád≠ | MCDM | Process / pipeline |
| Keletkezés éve≠ | 2006 | 1959 |
| Megalkotó≠ | Jacek Malczewski (GIS-MCDA synthesis); Thomas Saaty (AHP weighting) | Walter G. Hansen |
| Típus≠ | Spatial multi-criteria decision analysis for siting facilities or land uses | Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location |
| Alapmű≠ | Malczewski, J. (2006). GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis: a survey of the literature. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 20(7), 703–726. DOI ↗ | Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76. DOI ↗ |
| Alternatív nevek | GIS-MCDA, Weighted Overlay Suitability, AHP Site Suitability, Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation | Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index |
| Kapcsolódó | 4 | 4 |
| Összefoglaló≠ | Multi-criteria site selection combines multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with geographic information systems to choose where to locate a facility or land use when many, often conflicting, spatial criteria matter at once. Synthesized as GIS-based MCDA by Jacek Malczewski, it standardizes each criterion layer to a common scale, assigns the criteria importance weights — frequently via Saaty's Analytic Hierarchy Process — and combines them through weighted overlay to produce a suitability surface that ranks every candidate location. The method makes an inherently messy, value-laden siting decision explicit, reproducible, and auditable. | Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning. |
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