Módszerek összehasonlítása

	Illesztő becslő	Tárgyhajlamossági pontszám illesztés
Tudományterület	Oksági következtetés	Kutatási statisztika
Módszercsalád	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Keletkezés éve	1973	1983
Megalkotó	Rubin (1973); large-sample theory by Abadie & Imbens (2006)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Típus	Nonparametric matching / causal inference	Method
Alapmű	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large Sample Properties of Matching Estimators for Average Treatment Effects. Econometrica, 74(1), 235-267.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Alternatív nevek	nearest-neighbor matching, NNM, matching on covariates, covariate matching	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Kapcsolódó	6	3
Összefoglaló	The matching estimator identifies the causal effect of a treatment by pairing each treated unit with one or more untreated units that have similar observed characteristics. Formalised by Rubin (1973) and given rigorous large-sample theory by Abadie and Imbens (2006), it constructs a credible control group from observational data without requiring a parametric model for the outcome.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.