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| Trokutna nepristrana (pasivna) promatranja× | Nazočna promatranja× | |
|---|---|---|
| Područje | Metodologija anketa | Metodologija anketa |
| Obitelj | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Godina nastanka≠ | 1958 (observer roles); 1978 (triangulation applied to observation) | Formalized mid-20th century (Gold 1958); practice dates to late 19th-century social surveys |
| Tvorac≠ | Norman K. Denzin (triangulation framework); Raymond Gold (observer roles taxonomy) | Raymond Gold (role typology); earlier roots in social survey movement and Chicago School sociology |
| Vrsta≠ | Qualitative data collection technique | Qualitative / quantitative observational data collection |
| Temeljni izvor≠ | Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ | Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223. DOI ↗ |
| Drugi nazivi | triangulated observation, multi-source non-participant observation, observational triangulation, observer triangulation | detached observation, systematic observation, structured field observation, external observation |
| Srodne≠ | 3 | 5 |
| Sažetak≠ | Triangulated non-participant observation systematically combines two or more independent non-participant observation streams — using multiple observers, different time points, or distinct vantage points — to cross-validate field records of naturally occurring behaviour. The researcher remains outside the setting as a detached observer, and triangulation across sources reduces single-observer bias while strengthening the credibility of descriptive findings. | Non-participant observation is a data-collection method in which the researcher observes behavior, interactions, or events in a natural or structured setting without joining or influencing the activity under study. The observer maintains a deliberate distance from participants to minimize their own effect on the phenomena being recorded, producing field notes, behavioral tallies, or recordings that reflect naturally occurring behavior rather than behavior shaped by researcher involvement. |
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