Usporedite metode

	Sanacija tla	Modeliranje kontaminacije podzemnih voda
Područje	Inženjerstvo okoliša	Inženjerstvo okoliša
Obitelj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Godina nastanka	1983	1988
Tvorac	EPA and state environmental agencies	USGS and hydrogeology researchers
Vrsta	technology selection and design pipeline	numerical simulation pipeline
Temeljni izvor	Twardowska, I., Allen, H. E., Häggblom, M. M., & Stefaniak, S. (Eds.). (2004). Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-1402003349	Fetter, C. W., Boving, T. B., & Kreamer, D. K. (2018). Contaminant Hydrogeology (3rd ed.). Waveland Press. ISBN: 978-1478625315
Drugi nazivi	soil cleanup, contaminated land treatment, remedial technologies, soil restoration	groundwater transport, contaminant plume modeling, subsurface flow and transport, GWHC modeling
Srodne	3	3
Sažetak	Soil remediation encompasses a suite of technologies and strategies to treat contaminated soil at sites with elevated levels of organic compounds, heavy metals, radionuclides, or other hazardous substances. Systematized by the US EPA in the 1980s following industrial accidents and legacy contamination discoveries, soil remediation methods range from in situ (biological, chemical, thermal) to ex situ (excavation, treatment, off-site disposal) approaches. The selection process integrates site characterization, contaminant bioavailability, regulatory risk thresholds, and cost-benefit analysis.	Groundwater contamination modeling is a quantitative approach to predict the migration of dissolved and suspended contaminants (chemical spills, landfill leachate, petroleum, radionuclides) through subsurface aquifers and toward receptors (drinking water wells, surface water bodies, ecosystems). Developed systematically in the 1980s–1990s by the USGS and hydrogeologists, these models couple flow equations (Darcy's law) with advection-dispersion transport and geochemical reactions to forecast contaminant arrival times and plume extent.