Usporedite metode

	Model prodavača novina	Modeli zaliha sigurnosti i točke ponovnog naručivanja	Stochastic Optimization
Područje	Operacijska istraživanja	Operacijska istraživanja	Optimizacija
Obitelj	Regression model	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Godina nastanka	1951	1998	1951 (SGD); 2014 (Adam)
Tvorac	Arrow, Harris & Marschak	Silver, Pyke & Peterson	—
Vrsta	Stochastic single-period inventory optimization	Stochastic inventory control model	Gradient-based iterative optimization
Temeljni izvor	Arrow, K. J., Harris, T., & Marschak, J. (1951). Optimal inventory policy. Econometrica, 19(3), 250–272.	Silver, E. A., Pyke, D. F., & Peterson, R. (1998). Inventory Management and Production Planning and Scheduling (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-11947-0	Robbins, H. & Monro, S. (1951). A Stochastic Approximation Method. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22(3), 400-407.
Drugi nazivi	Newsboy Model, Single-Period Inventory Model, Christmas Tree Problem, Gazete Satıcısı Modeli	Buffer Stock, Reserve Stock, Reorder-Point Model, Emniyet Stoğu	Stokastik Optimizasyon (SGD & Varyantları), stochastic gradient descent, SGD, Adam
Srodne	3	3	3
Sažetak	The Newsvendor Model is a single-period stochastic inventory optimization framework that determines the profit-maximizing order quantity when demand is uncertain and unsold units cannot be carried forward. Formally introduced by Arrow, Harris, and Marschak (1951) in their foundational work on optimal inventory policy, the model balances the cost of ordering too much (overage) against the cost of ordering too little (underage) to yield a closed-form optimality condition known as the critical ratio.	Safety stock is an additional quantity of inventory held beyond expected demand during a replenishment lead time, designed to protect against stockouts caused by demand or supply uncertainty. Reorder-point models formalize this buffer by setting a trigger inventory level at which a new order is placed. Systematically developed within the stochastic inventory-control framework by Silver, Pyke, and Peterson (1998), the approach translates a desired customer-service level into a precise buffer quantity using the statistics of demand and lead-time variability.	Stochastic optimization is a family of iterative methods that minimize an objective function by computing gradients on randomly sampled subsets of data — mini-batches — rather than on the entire dataset at once. Pioneered by Robbins and Monro in 1951 as stochastic approximation, the approach became the standard engine for training large-scale machine-learning models through variants such as SGD with momentum, AdaGrad, RMSProp, and Adam.