Usporedite metode

	Farming Systems Research and Extension	Participatory Varietal Selection
Područje	Food Agriculture Studies	Food Agriculture Studies
Obitelj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Godina nastanka	2000	1996
Tvorac	Michael Collinson and the international farming-systems research community (CIMMYT/CGIAR)	John R. Witcombe and colleagues
Vrsta	Iterative diagnostic and adaptive on-farm research pipeline	Participatory experimental pipeline for cultivar identification
Temeljni izvor	Collinson, M. P. (Ed.) (2000). A History of Farming Systems Research. Wallingford, UK: CABI Publishing & FAO. ISBN: 9780851994055	Witcombe, J. R., Joshi, A., Joshi, K. D., & Sthapit, B. R. (1996). Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. I. Varietal Selection and Breeding Methods and Their Impact on Biodiversity. Experimental Agriculture, 32(4), 445-460.
Drugi nazivi	FSR/E, Farming Systems Research, On-Farm Client-Oriented Research, Whole-Farm Systems Research	PVS, Farmer Participatory Variety Selection, Participatory Variety Selection, Client-Oriented Varietal Selection
Srodne	4	4
Sažetak	Farming Systems Research and Extension (FSR/E) is an iterative, client-oriented research methodology that treats the smallholder farm as a whole interacting system rather than a collection of isolated crops, and designs technology around the actual circumstances and goals of homogeneous groups of farmers. Developed within CIMMYT and the wider CGIAR system from the 1970s and synthesized in Michael Collinson's 2000 history, FSR/E proceeds by diagnosing the whole farm, grouping farmers into recommendation domains who share circumstances, ranking their binding constraints, and then testing candidate technologies in farmer-managed on-farm trials whose results feed back into the next diagnostic cycle. Its defining commitment is that research priorities and experimental designs should follow from farmers' resources, constraints, and objectives, so that recommendations are not just statistically valid on a research station but adoptable on real fields.	Participatory varietal selection (PVS) is a participatory crop-improvement method in which farmers choose, grow, and evaluate finished or near-finished cultivars on their own fields under their own management, so that the varieties identified are the ones farmers actually prefer and will adopt. Formalized by John Witcombe and colleagues in 1996 as the faster, cheaper sibling of participatory plant breeding, PVS responds to the problem that conventional varietal release — selection on research stations against breeder criteria — often produces varieties that fail in farmers' fields or ignore traits farmers value, leaving the formal seed system with low adoption in marginal, heterogeneous environments. By moving the final stage of selection onto farms and into farmers' hands, PVS rapidly screens existing genetic material for fitness to real growing conditions and real preferences.