ScholarGate
खोजें
लाइब्रेरीमेरी लाइब्रेरीडेस्कप्रीफ़्लाइटReview Studioसहायक
कार्यक्षेत्र
तुलना करें
अपना पुस्तकालय बनाएँ

विधियाँ सहेजें, संग्रह व्यवस्थित करें और उन्हें अपनी डेस्क पर ले जाएँ।

खाता बनाएँ
लाइब्रेरी / ब्राउज़ करें
साइन इन करें
लाइब्रेरी

विज्ञान को विधि, क्षेत्र और प्रमाण के आधार पर खोजें।

शोध विधियों की एक ही सूची — जानें हर विधि कैसे काम करती है, कब इस्तेमाल होती है और क्या नहीं कर सकती।

6,444 विधियाँ11 क्षेत्र7 विधि परिवार40 भाषाएँ
विज्ञान एटलसइस्तेमाल से पहले विज्ञान की संरचना का नक्शा बनाएं।क्षेत्र · विधियाँ · प्रमाण मार्गनक्शा देखें
क्षेत्रHealth & Medicine716Psychology570Business & Finance410Engineering330Life Sciences263Education261Research Practice
ScholarGate

शोध विधियों के लिए सामग्री-केंद्रित संदर्भ लाइब्रेरी — हर विधि क्या है, कैसे काम करती है और कहाँ से आई है।

मुक्त डेटा (CC-BY)

खोजें

  • लाइब्रेरी
  • विधियाँ खोजें…
  • क्षेत्र के अनुसार ब्राउज़ करें
  • क्षेत्र
  • यात्रा
  • तुलना करें
  • कौन-सी विधि?

संदर्भ

  • विषय
  • एटलस
  • शब्दावली
  • पद्धति
  • दर्शन

कार्यक्षेत्र

  • मेरी लाइब्रेरी
  • डेस्क
  • चैट

कंपनी

  • परिचय
  • मूल्य निर्धारण
  • संपर्क
  • विधि सुझाएँ

प्रविष्टियाँ संदर्भ हेतु प्रकाशित स्रोतों से संकलित की गई हैं। अपने उपयोग के लिए किसी भी जानकारी की सटीकता और उपयुक्तता की पुष्टि करना आपकी ही ज़िम्मेदारी है।

© 2026 ScholarGate · शोध-विधि संदर्भ लाइब्रेरी
  • गोपनीयता
  • कुकीज़
  • शर्तें
  • खाता हटाएं
248
Natural Sciences236
Social Sciences185
Environment & Sustainability160
Law30
विधिसांख्यिकी1,836कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता और मशीन लर्निंग1,661निर्णय विज्ञान932शोध विधियाँ1,354मापन1,745कारणता और साक्ष्य532शोध अभ्यास118
26 विधियाँ Business & Finance में · निर्णय विज्ञानसाफ़ करें
आपके दोनों फ़िल्टरों के संगम पर मौजूद विधियाँ।
क्रमबद्ध करेंलोकप्रियताA–ZZ–Aनवीनतम
operations management

Aggregate Planning

Aggregate Planning (or Sales & Operations Planning, S&OP) is a collaborative, iterative process that balances demand and supply at a high level—typically grouping products into families and planning over a 3–18 month horizon. Developed formally by Tom Wallace and popularized through APICS, aggregate planning helps orga

2 स्रोत1992
operations management

Assembly Line Balancing

Assembly Line Balancing is the problem of distributing a sequence of assembly tasks across a series of workstations on a production line such that work is evenly distributed, idle time is minimized, and throughput constraints are satisfied. The goal is to assign tasks to stations such that the total work time at each s

2 स्रोत2010
operations management

Bullwhip Effect

The Bullwhip Effect is a phenomenon in supply chain management where small fluctuations in end-customer demand cause progressively larger fluctuations in orders as one moves upstream from retail to distributors to manufacturers to suppliers. First formally documented by Jay Forrester in his 1961 system dynamics work, a

2 स्रोत1961
operations management

Closed-Loop Supply Chain

A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) integrates forward logistics (moving products to customers) with reverse logistics (recovering products, components, or materials from customers) to optimize resource recovery, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact. Products flow forward for customer use, then flow backward f

2 स्रोत2003
marketing management

Consumer Involvement Scale

The Consumer Involvement Scale (CIS), developed by Zaichkowsky (1985), measures the degree to which a consumer feels personally invested in a product, brand, or purchase decision. Originally a 20-item instrument operationalizing the concept of 'personal relevance,' the CIS was refined to 10 items in 1994 (Revised Perso

2 स्रोत1985
operations management

Cross-Docking

Cross-docking is a logistics strategy in which products arriving at a distribution center from suppliers are unloaded, sorted, consolidated, and immediately reloaded onto outbound vehicles destined for customers, with minimal or no storage time. Rather than storing inventory in a warehouse, products flow through in 24–

2 स्रोत2007
healthcare management

DEA Hospital Efficiency

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique for measuring the relative efficiency of multiple hospitals using multiple inputs and outputs. Introduced by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes in 1978, DEA has become the standard method for benchmarking hospital performance in healthcare systems worldwide.

3 स्रोत1978
organizational behavior

Emotional Exhaustion Scale

The Emotional Exhaustion subscale is one of three core dimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), developed by Maslach and Jackson in 1981. Emotional exhaustion represents the first stage of burnout, characterized by feeling emotionally drained, fatigued, and depleted as a result of work. The nine-item subscale

2 स्रोत1981
operations management

Facility Layout (SLP)

Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) is a structured methodology developed by Richard Muther in the 1960s–1970s for designing optimal plant and facility layouts. The approach systematizes the consideration of material flow, personnel movement, equipment relationships, and space constraints to minimize material handling cos

2 स्रोत1973
operations management

Inventory Routing

The Inventory Routing Problem (IRP) is an optimization problem that jointly determines inventory levels at customer locations, delivery routes, and shipment quantities to minimize total logistics and inventory holding costs. Rather than treating inventory management and vehicle routing as separate decisions, IRP recogn

2 स्रोत2014
operations management

Job Shop Scheduling

Job shop scheduling is the problem of assigning a set of jobs (tasks) to a set of machines (resources) over time, subject to precedence and capacity constraints, with the goal of optimizing performance metrics such as makespan (total completion time), lateness, or cost. The job shop problem is a classic combinatorial o

2 स्रोत2016
operations management

Kanban

Kanban is a pull-based production control system developed by Taiichi Ohno at Toyota in the 1950s that uses visual signals (traditionally cards or bins) to trigger production and movement of materials based on actual demand rather than forecasts. The Japanese word 'kanban' means 'visual card' or 'sign,' and the system

2 स्रोत1950
operations management

Material Requirements Planning

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a computerized system developed by Joseph Orlicky in the 1970s that calculates material requirements based on master production schedules and bill-of-materials data. MRP determines what materials to buy, how much to order, and when to order them to meet production demand while mi

2 स्रोत1975
quality management

Overall Equipment Effectiveness

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a composite key performance indicator that quantifies how effectively a manufacturing operation uses its equipment relative to its full potential. Developed by Seiichi Nakajima in 1988 as a cornerstone metric of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), OEE multiplies three loss facto

1 स्रोत1988
healthcare management

Queuing Theory in Healthcare

Queuing theory is a mathematical discipline that models waiting lines, service capacity, and customer (patient) flow. Developed initially by Agner Erlang for telecommunications in 1909, it has been extensively applied to healthcare to analyze and optimize emergency departments, outpatient clinics, surgical suites, and

3 स्रोत1909
operations management

Reliability Block Diagram

A Reliability Block Diagram (RBD) is a visual representation of a system's architecture that models how component reliabilities combine to determine overall system reliability. Each block represents a component or subsystem with a known reliability (probability of functioning without failure), and connections between b

2 स्रोत2010
quality management

Root Cause Analysis

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a structured, systematic method for identifying the fundamental causes of defects, failures, or undesirable outcomes rather than treating surface-level symptoms. Popularised by Japanese quality engineer Kaoru Ishikawa in the 1960s–1980s, and formally codified in his 1986 Guide to Quality Co

1 स्रोत1986
operations management

SCOR Model

The Supply Chain Operations Reference Model is a standardized framework for supply chain management developed by the Supply Chain Council (now APICS) in 1996. SCOR provides a structured approach to identify, evaluate, and improve supply chain processes across organizations, regardless of industry. It integrates plannin

2 स्रोत1996
quality management

Six Sigma DMAIC

Six Sigma DMAIC is a data-driven, five-phase process improvement methodology — Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control — used to reduce defects and process variation to fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. Originating at Motorola in the 1980s and systematized by practitioners including Pyzdek and Ke

1 स्रोत2014
healthcare management

Six Sigma in Healthcare

Six Sigma is a data-driven quality improvement methodology originating at Motorola in 1986 that aims to reduce process variation and defects to achieve near-perfect quality (3.4 defects per million opportunities). In healthcare, Six Sigma uses statistical analysis and structured project methodology (DMAIC: Define-Measu

3 स्रोत1986
operations management

SMED

Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) is a systematic approach developed by Shigeo Shingo in the 1980s to drastically reduce the time required to changeover equipment from producing one product to another. The methodology, part of the Toyota Production System, aims to reduce setup time to a single-digit minute range (id

2 स्रोत1985
strategic management

Supply Chain Integration Scale

Supply Chain Integration (SCI) refers to an organization's capacity to seamlessly coordinate and align processes, information, and incentives across internal functions and with external suppliers and customers. Flynn et al. (2010) operationalized SCI into three complementary dimensions in the Journal of Operations Mana

3 स्रोत2010
quality management

Theory of Constraints

The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy and continuous improvement framework introduced by Eliyahu Goldratt in his 1984 novel The Goal and formalized in his 1990 book. TOC holds that every system has at least one constraint — a bottleneck that limits the system's overall throughput — and that systema

1 स्रोत1990
operations management

Total Productive Maintenance

Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a comprehensive maintenance management approach developed by Seiichi Nakajima in the late 1980s that emphasizes employee involvement, preventive maintenance, and continuous improvement to maximize equipment effectiveness. Unlike traditional reactive maintenance, TPM integrates main

2 स्रोत1988
quality management

Value Stream Mapping

Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a lean management technique used to visualize, analyze, and improve the flow of materials and information required to bring a product or service from raw input to customer delivery. Introduced by Mike Rother and John Shook in their 1999 workbook Learning to See, VSM draws on the Toyota Pro

1 स्रोत1999
operations management

Vendor-Managed Inventory

Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI) is a supply chain arrangement in which the supplier (vendor) has visibility into the customer's inventory levels and assumes responsibility for replenishing inventory to pre-agreed levels. Rather than customers placing orders based on internal forecasts, the supplier monitors actual consu

2 स्रोत2006