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	स्थानिक सीमांत संरचनात्मक मॉडल	मार्जिनल स्ट्रक्चरल मॉडल (MSM)
क्षेत्र	कारणात्मक अनुमान	कारणात्मक अनुमान
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2000s–2010s	2000
प्रवर्तक	Robins, Hernan & Brumback (MSM foundation, 2000); spatial extensions developed in spatial epidemiology literature	James M. Robins, Miguel A. Hernan, Babette Brumback
प्रकार	Causal inference / spatial weighting	Causal model / semiparametric weighting
मौलिक स्रोत	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.	Robins, J. M., Hernan, M. A., & Brumback, B. (2000). Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology, 11(5), 550-560.
उपनाम	Spatial MSM, Geospatial MSM, Spatial IPW-MSM, Space-time marginal structural model	MSM, MSM-IPTW, marginal structural Cox model, weighted structural model
संबंधित	6	5
सारांश	The Spatial Marginal Structural Model (Spatial MSM) extends the classical marginal structural model to settings where units are geographically distributed and spatial dependencies — such as neighborhood spillovers, clustering, and spatial confounding — may bias causal estimates. It estimates causal effects of spatially varying exposures by constructing inverse probability weights that account for both individual covariates and spatial location, then fitting a weighted outcome model in the resulting pseudo-population.	A marginal structural model is a causal modeling framework designed to estimate the effect of a time-varying treatment in the presence of time-varying confounders that are themselves affected by prior treatment. By reweighting observations with inverse probability of treatment weights, MSMs create a pseudo-population in which confounding is eliminated, enabling unbiased estimation of causal treatment contrasts even when standard regression adjustments would fail.