विधियों की तुलना करें
चुनी हुई विधियों की आमने-सामने समीक्षा करें; भिन्नता वाली पंक्तियाँ रेखांकित हैं।
| माध्य-प्रसरण पोर्टफोलियो अनुकूलन (मार्कोविट्ज़)× | मूल्य-पर-जोखिम (VaR) पश्च-परीक्षण× | |
|---|---|---|
| क्षेत्र | वित्त | वित्त |
| परिवार | Regression model | Regression model |
| उद्भव वर्ष≠ | 1952 | 1998 |
| प्रवर्तक≠ | Harry Markowitz | Kupiec (1995); Christoffersen (1998); Engle & Manganelli (DQ test) |
| प्रकार≠ | Mean-variance optimization model | Statistical hypothesis tests on VaR violation sequences |
| मौलिक स्रोत≠ | Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91. DOI ↗ | Kupiec, P. H. (1995). Techniques for Verifying the Accuracy of Risk Measurement Models. The Journal of Derivatives, 3(2), 73-84. DOI ↗ |
| उपनाम≠ | Markowitz portfolio theory, modern portfolio theory, efficient frontier optimization, Ortalama-Varyans Portföy Optimizasyonu (Markowitz) | VaR backtest, Kupiec test, Christoffersen test, Dynamic Quantile test |
| संबंधित≠ | 5 | 3 |
| सारांश≠ | Mean-variance portfolio optimization is the foundational model of modern portfolio theory, introduced by Harry Markowitz in 1952. It describes portfolios in an expected-return versus risk (variance) plane and traces the efficient frontier of allocations that offer the highest expected return for each level of risk, covering the minimum-variance portfolio, the maximum-Sharpe-ratio portfolio, and constrained variants. | VaR backtesting is a family of statistical tests that validate a risk model by comparing its Value-at-Risk forecasts against realised losses. It builds on Kupiec's (1995) unconditional coverage test, Christoffersen's (1998) conditional coverage test, and the Engle-Manganelli Dynamic Quantile (DQ) test. |
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