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	बहु-समूह विवे discriminatory वैधता मूल्यांकन	बहु-समूह पुष्टिकारी कारक विश्लेषण (MG-CFA)
क्षेत्र	मनोमिति	मनोमिति
परिवार	Latent structure	Latent structure
उद्भव वर्ष	1981 (foundational criterion); multi-group extension 1990s–2000s	1971
प्रवर्तक	Fornell & Larcker (for the AVE-based criterion); extended to multi-group settings by the SEM invariance literature	Karl Jöreskog
प्रकार	Validity assessment / model comparison	Measurement model / invariance test
मौलिक स्रोत	Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.	Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70.
उपनाम	cross-group discriminant validity, multi-sample discriminant validity, MGDV, discriminant validity across groups	MG-CFA, multi-group CFA, measurement invariance testing, multi-sample CFA
संबंधित	5	6
सारांश	Multi-group discriminant validity assessment tests whether constructs measured by a scale are empirically distinct not just in one sample but consistently across two or more groups (e.g., cultures, genders, age cohorts). It extends standard discriminant validity criteria — such as the AVE rule and the HTMT ratio — into a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis framework to verify that conceptual distinctness is replicable across subpopulations.	Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis tests whether a measurement model holds equivalently across two or more groups — such as cultures, genders, or time points. By imposing increasingly stringent equality constraints and comparing model fit, it determines whether comparisons of latent mean scores are justified.