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	एम-अनुमानक (दृढ़ प्रतिगमन)	Least Trimmed Squares (LTS) रिग्रेशन	एमएम-अनुमान (MM-Estimation) सघन प्रतिगमन (Robust Regression) के लिए	साधारण न्यूनतम वर्ग (OLS) समाश्रयण
क्षेत्र	सांख्यिकी	सांख्यिकी	सांख्यिकी	अर्थमिति
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2009	1984	1987	2019
प्रवर्तक	Peter J. Huber	Peter J. Rousseeuw	Victor J. Yohai	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
प्रकार	Robust linear regression	Robust linear regression	Robust linear regression	Linear regression
मौलिक स्रोत	Huber, P. J., & Ronchetti, E. M. (2009). Robust Statistics (2nd ed.). Wiley.	Rousseeuw, P. J. (1984). Least Median of Squares Regression. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 79(388), 871-880.	Yohai, V. J. (1987). High Breakdown-Point and High Efficiency Robust Estimates for Regression. Annals of Statistics, 15(2), 642-656.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
उपनाम	m-estimation, huber regression, robust m-regression, M-Tahmin Ediciler	LTS, least trimmed squares regression, trimmed least squares, robust regression	MM-estimation, MM robust regression, high-breakdown high-efficiency estimator, MM-Tahmin Edici	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
संबंधित	5	5	5	5
सारांश	M-estimators are a robust generalisation of maximum likelihood estimation, formalised in the work of Peter J. Huber (Huber & Ronchetti, 2009). Instead of squaring every residual, they apply a bounded loss function so that large residuals from outliers are down-weighted rather than allowed to dominate the fit.	Least Trimmed Squares is a robust linear regression method introduced by Peter J. Rousseeuw in 1984. Instead of fitting all residuals, it estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of only the h smallest squared residuals, which gives it a breakdown point of up to 50% and reliable estimates on data heavily contaminated by outliers.	The MM-estimator is a robust linear regression method introduced by Victor J. Yohai in 1987. It combines the high breakdown point of an S-estimator with the high efficiency of an M-estimator, so it resists outliers strongly while still using the data efficiently when errors are well-behaved.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).