विधियों की तुलना करें

	लाप्लास सन्निकटन (Laplace Approximation)	प्रत्याशा प्रसार (EP)
क्षेत्र	बायेसियन	बायेसियन
परिवार	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
उद्भव वर्ष	1986	2001
प्रवर्तक	Pierre-Simon Laplace (1774); Bayesian formalisation: Tierney & Kadane (1986)	Thomas P. Minka
प्रकार	Analytical posterior approximation	Approximate inference algorithm
मौलिक स्रोत	Tierney, L. & Kadane, J. B. (1986). Accurate approximations for posterior moments and marginal densities. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(393), 82–86.	Minka, T. P. (2001). Expectation propagation for approximate Bayesian inference. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI-01), pp. 362–369. Morgan Kaufmann.
उपनाम	Laplace's method, saddle-point approximation (Bayesian), second-order Gaussian approximation, LA	EP, expectation propagation, EP algorithm, assumed-density filtering generalisation
संबंधित	3	3
सारांश	The Laplace approximation is a classical analytic technique that replaces an intractable posterior distribution with a multivariate Gaussian centred at the posterior mode, using the curvature of the log-posterior at that mode to set the covariance. Formalised for Bayesian statistics by Tierney and Kadane (1986) in their landmark Journal of the American Statistical Association paper, it provides a fast, deterministic alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo and forms the mathematical core of Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA).	Expectation Propagation (EP) is a deterministic message-passing algorithm for approximate posterior inference in Bayesian models, introduced by Thomas P. Minka at UAI 2001. It iteratively refines a set of local approximate factors — each drawn from the exponential family — so that their product closely matches the true intractable posterior, achieving higher accuracy than mean-field variational inference on many probabilistic machine learning tasks.