विधियों की तुलना करें

	कारण मध्यस्थता विश्लेषण (प्राकृतिक प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव)	साधारण न्यूनतम वर्ग (OLS) समाश्रयण	रिग्रेशन डिसकंटीन्यूइटी डिज़ाइन (आरडीडी)
क्षेत्र	कारणात्मक अनुमान	अर्थमिति	कारणात्मक अनुमान
परिवार	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
उद्भव वर्ष	2010	2019	2008
प्रवर्तक	Pearl (2001); general framework by Imai, Keele & Tingley (2010)	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Imbens & Lemieux (guide to practice); Cattaneo, Idrobo & Titiunik (practical introduction)
प्रकार	Counterfactual causal decomposition	Linear regression	Quasi-experimental causal design
मौलिक स्रोत	Pearl, J. (2001). Direct and Indirect Effects. In Proceedings of the Seventeenth Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI), 411-420.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Imbens, G. W., & Lemieux, T. (2008). Regression Discontinuity Designs: A Guide to Practice. Journal of Econometrics, 142(2), 615-635.
उपनाम	natural direct effect, natural indirect effect, NDE / NIE decomposition, counterfactual mediation	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	RDD, regression discontinuity design, sharp RDD, fuzzy RDD
संबंधित	5	5	5
सारांश	Causal mediation analysis is a counterfactual framework that splits a treatment's total effect into a Natural Direct Effect (NDE) and a Natural Indirect Effect (NIE) that runs through a mediator. The modern general approach was formalised by Pearl (2001) and Imai, Keele and Tingley (2010), giving the decomposition a precise causal interpretation.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	Regression Discontinuity Design is a quasi-experimental method that identifies a causal effect by locally comparing units just above and just below a cutoff on a continuous assignment (running) variable. Formalised for applied work by Imbens and Lemieux (2008) and developed as a practical framework by Cattaneo, Idrobo, and Titiunik (2020), it estimates a local average treatment effect (LATE) at the threshold.