השוואת שיטות

	יחס עומס עבודה אקוטי-כרוני	מודל ה-TRIMP של באניסטר
תחום	מדעי הספורט	מדעי הספורט
משפחה	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
שנת המקור	2016	1975
הוגה השיטה	Tim Gabbett	Eric Banister
סוג	workload monitoring	mathematical modeling
מקור מכונן	Gabbett, T. J. (2016). The training-injury prevention paradox: should athletes be training smarter and harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(5), 273-280.	Banister, E. W., Calvert, T. W., Savage, M. V., & Bach, T. (1975). A systems model of training responses and its relationship to muscular strength. Transactions of the ASME, 97(3), 177-183.
כינויים	ACWR, workload ratio, training load balance	TRIMP, training impulse, fitness-fatigue model
קשורות	3	3
תקציר	The acute-chronic workload ratio (ACWR) is the ratio of acute training load (typically the past 1 week) to chronic training load (typically the rolling 4-week average). Formalized by Tim Gabbett (2016), ACWR is a widely adopted metric for predicting injury and illness risk in sports. The logic is straightforward: rapid increases in training load—when acute load spikes far above what the athlete has adapted to—exceed tissue tolerance and increase injury risk. Conversely, maintaining ACWR within optimal ranges (typically 0.8-1.3) is associated with better performance and lower injury incidence. ACWR monitoring is now standard in elite sports for load management.	The Training Impulse (TRIMP) model, developed by Eric Banister and colleagues (1975), quantifies the physiological stimulus of a training session by combining duration and intensity. The Banister fitness-fatigue model proposes that training effects on performance follow two opposing dynamics: fitness (beneficial) accumulates with time constant tau_f (~42 days) and fatigue (temporary decrement) accumulates faster but decays quickly (tau_d ~5-10 days). By tracking TRIMP and modeling these two processes, coaches can predict performance trajectories and optimize training load. Although superseded by newer frameworks, the Banister model remains influential and intuitive.