Comparer des méthodes

	Appel de variants	Alignement de séquences
Domaine	Bio-informatique	Bio-informatique
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Année d'origine	2009–2010 (modern high-throughput era)	1970 (global alignment); 1981 (local alignment)
Auteur d'origine	Li et al. (SAMtools/bcftools, 2009); McKenna et al. (GATK, 2010)	Saul B. Needleman & Christian D. Wunsch (global); Temple F. Smith & Michael S. Waterman (local)
Type	Computational genomics pipeline	Computational sequence analysis technique
Source fondatrice	McKenna, A., Hanna, M., Banks, E., Sivachenko, A., Cibulskis, K., Kernytsky, A., ... & DePristo, M. A. (2010). The Genome Analysis Toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Research, 20(9), 1297–1303.	Needleman, S. B., & Wunsch, C. D. (1970). A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology, 48(3), 443–453.
Alias	SNP calling, genotyping from sequencing, mutation detection, variant detection	pairwise alignment, multiple sequence alignment, MSA, sequence comparison
Apparentées	6	6
Résumé	Variant calling is the computational process of identifying positions in a sequenced genome that differ from a reference sequence — including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertions and deletions (indels), and structural variants. It transforms aligned sequencing reads into an interpretable catalogue of genetic differences, forming the foundation for population genetics, disease-gene discovery, and clinical genomics applications.	Sequence alignment is a foundational bioinformatics technique that arranges two or more DNA, RNA, or protein sequences to reveal regions of similarity, infer evolutionary relationships, identify functional domains, and map sequencing reads to reference genomes. It underpins virtually every downstream genomic analysis, from variant calling and gene expression quantification to phylogenetics and structural annotation.