Comparer des méthodes

	Recherche par Voisinage Variable (VNS)	Algorithme génétique	Recuit simulé	Recherche Tabou
Domaine	Optimisation	Optimisation	Optimisation	Optimisation
Famille	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Année d'origine	1997	1975	1983	1989
Auteur d'origine	—	John Henry Holland	—	Fred Glover
Type	Metaheuristic — neighborhood-based	Population-based metaheuristic	Probabilistic metaheuristic / local search	Local-search metaheuristic
Source fondatrice	Mladenović, N. & Hansen, P. (1997). Variable Neighborhood Search. Computers & Operations Research, 24(11), 1097–1100.	Holland, J.H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press.	Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C.D. & Vecchi, M.P. (1983). Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science, 220(4598), 671-680.	Glover, F. (1989). Tabu Search — Part I. ORSA Journal on Computing, 1(3), 190–206.
Alias	VNS, Değişken Komşuluk Araması (VNS), variable neighbourhood search	GA, evolutionary algorithm, Genetik Algoritma — Evrimsel Optimizasyon	Benzetimli Tavlama (Simulated Annealing), SA, probabilistic local search	Tabu Araması (Tabu Search), TS, tabu metaheuristic
Apparentées	4	5	5	4
Résumé	Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) is a metaheuristic optimization framework introduced by Mladenović and Hansen in 1997. It escapes local optima by systematically switching among a predefined set of neighborhood structures — first perturbing the current solution (shaking) to reach a different region of the search space, then applying a local search within that region, and finally accepting the new solution only if it improves the incumbent. The method is flexible enough to handle combinatorial problems (routing, scheduling, graph problems) as well as continuous optimization, making it one of the most widely used neighborhood-based metaheuristics in operations research.	A genetic algorithm (GA) is a population-based metaheuristic optimization method introduced by John Henry Holland (1975) that mimics the principles of natural selection. It maintains a population of candidate solutions and iteratively improves them through selection, crossover, and mutation operators, making it especially powerful on discontinuous, non-convex, and multi-modal search spaces where classical gradient-based methods fail.	Simulated annealing is a probabilistic local-search metaheuristic introduced by Kirkpatrick, Gelatt, and Vecchi in 1983. It models the physical annealing process in metallurgy — where a material is heated and then slowly cooled to reach a low-energy crystalline state — and uses this analogy to escape local optima in combinatorial and continuous optimization problems.	Tabu Search is a local-search metaheuristic introduced by Fred Glover in 1989 that uses a tabu list — a short-term memory of recently visited solutions — to prevent cycling and escape local optima. By explicitly forbidding moves that reverse recent decisions, the algorithm explores the search space more broadly and, through long-term memory structures such as aspiration criteria, aims to approach the global optimum even in large, complex combinatorial problems.