Comparer des méthodes

	Analyse factorielle confirmatoire multiniveau (MCFA)	Modélisation par équations structurelles (MES)
Domaine	Psychométrie	Statistique
Famille	Latent structure	Latent structure
Année d'origine	1994	1970
Auteur d'origine	Bengt O. Muthen	Karl Jöreskog (LISREL framework, 1970s)
Type	Latent variable model / measurement model	Latent variable / causal modeling
Source fondatrice	Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398.	Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1473756540
Alias	MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA	Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (SEM), structural equation modelling, covariance structure analysis, latent variable modeling
Apparentées	6	5
Résumé	Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations.	Structural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical framework that simultaneously estimates a measurement model — relating observed indicators to latent constructs — and a structural model specifying directional or reciprocal relationships among those constructs. Rooted in the LISREL tradition developed by Karl Jöreskog in the 1970s, SEM is the standard tool for testing complex theoretical models in the social, behavioural, and management sciences.