Comparer des méthodes

	L'analyse factorielle exploratoire longitudinale (AFE longitudinale)	Analyse factorielle exploratoire multiniveaux (AFE-M)
Domaine	Psychométrie	Psychométrie
Famille	Latent structure	Latent structure
Année d'origine	1970s–1983	1994
Auteur d'origine	John R. Nesselroade and colleagues (lifespan developmental tradition)	Bengt O. Muthén
Type	Latent variable / dimension reduction across time	Latent variable / multilevel dimension reduction
Source fondatrice	Nesselroade, J. R. (1983). Temporal selection and factor invariance in the study of development and change. In P. B. Baltes & O. G. Brim (Eds.), Life-Span Development and Behavior (Vol. 5, pp. 59–87). Academic Press.	Muthén, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398.
Alias	LEFA, longitudinal factor analysis, repeated-measures EFA, panel EFA	ML-EFA, multilevel factor analysis, two-level exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical exploratory factor analysis
Apparentées	6	3
Résumé	Longitudinal EFA applies exploratory factor analysis separately at each measurement occasion — or jointly across occasions — to discover whether the same latent factor structure emerges over time and whether factor loadings remain stable across waves. It is the foundational data-driven approach for examining structural change and continuity in panel and developmental research.	Multilevel exploratory factor analysis uncovers latent factor structures simultaneously at two or more levels of a data hierarchy — for example, both within individuals and between groups — without imposing a fixed structure in advance. It is essential whenever survey or test items are collected from respondents nested inside classrooms, organisations, or clinics.