مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	آزمون اضطراب نوشتن	مقیاس تاب‌آوری تحصیلی
حوزه	روان‌شناسی تربیتی	روان‌شناسی تربیتی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1975	2016
پدیدآور	Daly, J.A.; Miller, M.D.	Cassidy, S.
نوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Daly, J. A., & Miller, M. D. (1975). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242–249.	Cassidy, S. (2016). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A new multidimensional scale for measuring student resilience as a dynamic process. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1781.
نام‌های دیگر	WAT	ARS-30
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Writing Apprehension Test measures the degree of anxiety and negative affect experienced in writing situations. Developed by Daly and Miller in 1975, the WAT identifies students with writing anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success, particularly in college coursework where writing is extensive. Writing apprehension leads to avoidance of writing tasks, procrastination, and reduced writing quality independent of actual writing ability. Early identification and targeted support can significantly improve both writing confidence and academic outcomes.	The Academic Resilience Scale measures the capacity of students to withstand and recover from academic adversity, including setbacks, failures, and difficult transitions. Developed by Cassidy in 2016, the ARS-30 conceptualizes resilience as a dynamic, multidimensional process involving perseverance, adaptive help-seeking, and emotional regulation—not a fixed trait. This instrument is invaluable for identifying students at risk of academic disengagement, evaluating resilience-building interventions, and understanding how students adapt to challenge.