مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	Robust Propensity Score Matching	تطابق دقیق تقریب‌زده (CEM)
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2016 (robust variance correction); 1983 (PSM foundations)	2011-2012
پدیدآور	Abadie & Imbens (2016) for matching-on-estimated-propensity-score with corrected variance; Rosenbaum & Rubin (1983) for PSM foundations	Iacus, King, & Porro
نوع	Quasi-experimental matching estimator with robust inference	Matching / causal inference
منبع بنیادین	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2016). Matching on the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 84(2), 781-807.	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.
نام‌های دیگر	robust PSM, PSM with robust variance, bias-corrected PSM, matching with robust inference	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Robust Propensity Score Matching (robust PSM) is a quasi-experimental causal inference method that pairs treated and control units on their estimated probability of receiving treatment (the propensity score), then estimates the average treatment effect using variance estimators that account for the uncertainty introduced by estimating the propensity score itself. The correction, developed by Abadie and Imbens (2016), prevents misleading inference that standard bootstrap or analytic formulas produce when applied naively after matching.	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.