مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	درخت تصمیم منظم شده	بوستینگ	درختان اضافی (Extra Trees)
حوزه	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	1984	1990–1997	2006
پدیدآور	Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Olshen, R., & Stone, C.	Schapire, R. E.; Freund, Y.	Geurts, P.; Ernst, D.; Wehenkel, L.
نوع	Supervised learning (regularized tree)	Sequential ensemble (iterative reweighting)	Ensemble (extremely randomized decision trees)
منبع بنیادین	Breiman, L., Friedman, J., Olshen, R., & Stone, C. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth. ISBN: 978-0-412-04841-8	Freund, Y. & Schapire, R. E. (1997). A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 55(1), 119–139.	Geurts, P., Ernst, D. & Wehenkel, L. (2006). Extremely randomized trees. Machine Learning, 63(1), 3–42.
نام‌های دیگر	pruned decision tree, cost-complexity pruned tree, penalized decision tree, constrained CART	AdaBoost, gradient boosting, iterative reweighting ensemble, sequential ensemble	Extremely Randomized Trees, ExtraTreesClassifier, ExtraTreesRegressor, ET
مرتبط	6	6	5
خلاصه	A regularized decision tree is a decision tree model whose complexity is intentionally limited through pruning, depth constraints, or penalty terms to prevent overfitting. Rooted in Breiman et al.'s CART framework (1984), regularization converts the greedy tree-growing procedure into a bias-variance tradeoff, yielding models that generalize better to unseen data than fully-grown trees.	Boosting is a sequential ensemble technique that converts many simple, barely-better-than-chance learners into a single highly accurate model by repeatedly focusing training on the examples that previous learners got wrong, then combining all learners with weights proportional to their individual accuracy.	Extra Trees (Extremely Randomized Trees), introduced by Geurts, Ernst, and Wehenkel in 2006, is an ensemble of decision trees that pushes randomisation further than Random Forest. Both the candidate features and the split thresholds are chosen completely at random at each node, eliminating the greedy search over thresholds. This extra randomness reduces variance, often matches or exceeds Random Forest accuracy, and runs substantially faster at training time.