مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس ایمنی روانشناختی	مقیاس تعهد سازمانی
حوزه	رفتار سازمانی	رفتار سازمانی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1999	1991
پدیدآور	Amy C. Edmondson	John P. Meyer and Natalie J. Allen
نوع	Team-level self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383.	Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
نام‌های دیگر	PSS, Team Psychological Safety Scale	OCS, Meyer & Allen Scale
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	The Psychological Safety Scale (PSS), developed by Amy Edmondson in 1999, measures team members' shared perception that they can take interpersonal risks—speaking up, asking questions, admitting mistakes, proposing new ideas—without fear of embarrassment, punishment, or rejection. The 7-item scale captures a team-level construct fundamental to learning, innovation, and psychological well-being. High psychological safety predicts team performance, learning from errors, information sharing, and adaptive responses to change.	The Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS), developed by Meyer and Allen in 1991, measures three distinct dimensions of organizational commitment: affective commitment (emotional attachment), continuance commitment (perceived cost of leaving), and normative commitment (sense of obligation). This three-component model has become foundational in understanding employee retention, engagement, and organizational attachment.