مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	عوامل ریسک مولفه‌های اصلی	Factor Analysis
حوزه	مالی	آمار پژوهش
خانواده	Regression model	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1991	1931
پدیدآور	Litterman & Scheinkman (bond-return factors); Connor & Korajczyk (statistical APT factors)	Louis Leon Thurstone
نوع	Statistical factor model (dimension reduction)	Method
منبع بنیادین	Litterman, R. & Scheinkman, J. (1991). Common Factors Affecting Bond Returns. Journal of Fixed Income, 1(1), 54-61.	Thurstone, L. L. (1947). Multiple Factor Analysis. University of Chicago Press.
نام‌های دیگر	risk factor PCA, return covariance decomposition, statistical factor model, Risk Faktörü PCA (Getiri Kovaryans Ayrışımı)	EFA, CFA, latent variable modeling
مرتبط	5	3
خلاصه	Risk Factor PCA is a dimension-reduction method that decomposes the return covariance matrix of many assets into a small set of orthogonal principal components interpreted as systematic risk factors. Litterman and Scheinkman (1991) used it to show that bond returns are driven by a few common factors, and Connor and Korajczyk (1988) developed the statistical-factor interpretation for the APT.	Factor analysis is a statistical technique for identifying latent (unobserved) dimensions underlying observed variables, developed by Louis Leon Thurstone in the 1930s and formalized by Jöreskog (1969). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) discovers unknown factor structure from data; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tests hypothesized relationships between observed and latent variables. Essential in psychometrics (test development), organizational research (measuring constructs like leadership style), and biomedicine (identifying disease subtypes), factor analysis reduces dimensionality while revealing conceptual organization in multivariate data.