مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی عملیاتی ابزار غربالگری	کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی عملگرایانه
حوزه	اپیدمیولوژی	اپیدمیولوژی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2000s-2010s (formalized with PRECIS framework)	1967
پدیدآور	Pragmatic trial framework: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967); PRECIS tool: Thorpe et al. (2009)	Daniel Schwartz & Joseph Lellouch
نوع	Observational / quasi-experimental evaluation design	Interventional study design
منبع بنیادین	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475.	Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648.
نام‌های دیگر	pragmatic diagnostic screen evaluation, real-world screening evaluation, effectiveness-oriented screening study, PRECIS-guided screening evaluation	pragmatic RCT, effectiveness trial, real-world RCT, practical clinical trial
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	A pragmatic screening test evaluation assesses the real-world effectiveness of a screening instrument under routine clinical or public-health conditions — rather than the tightly controlled, ideal-participant settings of explanatory studies. It asks whether the screening tool performs adequately in the actual populations and workflows where it will be deployed, prioritising external validity and implementation relevance over maximally controlled internal conditions.	A pragmatic randomized clinical trial (pragmatic RCT) is an interventional study that tests whether a treatment works under routine clinical conditions, as opposed to the tightly controlled setting of an explanatory trial. It prioritizes broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and patient-relevant outcomes to answer the question 'Does this treatment work in everyday practice?' rather than 'Can this treatment work under ideal circumstances?' The distinction between pragmatic and explanatory trials was formally articulated by Schwartz and Lellouch in 1967 and operationalized by the PRECIS tool in 2009.