مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مدل TGARCH غیرخطی	مدل ARCH (ناهمسان‌گسیختگی شرطی خودرگرسیو)	مدل EGARCH (نمایی GARCH)	مدل GARCH (پیش‌بینی نوسانات)
حوزه	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی	اقتصادسنجی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1993–1994	1982	1991	1986
پدیدآور	Jean-Michel Zakoian; related work by Glosten, Jagannathan & Runkle	Robert F. Engle	Daniel B. Nelson	Tim Bollerslev
نوع	Conditional heteroskedasticity model	Conditional volatility model	Volatility / conditional variance model	Conditional volatility model
منبع بنیادین	Zakoian, J.-M. (1994). Threshold heteroskedastic models. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 18(5), 931–955.	Engle, R. F. (1982). Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation. Econometrica, 50(4), 987–1007.	Nelson, D. B. (1991). Conditional heteroskedasticity in asset returns: A new approach. Econometrica, 59(2), 347–370.	Bollerslev, T. (1986). Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31(3), 307–327.
نام‌های دیگر	NL-TGARCH, Nonlinear Threshold GARCH, Asymmetric TGARCH, GJR-GARCH variant	ARCH, autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, Engle ARCH, conditional variance model	Exponential GARCH, EGARCH, Nelson EGARCH, log-GARCH	GARCH, GARCH(1,1), conditional volatility model, GARCH Modeli (Oynaklık Tahmini)
مرتبط	4	6	6	5
خلاصه	The Nonlinear TGARCH (Threshold GARCH) model extends the standard GARCH framework by allowing positive and negative shocks of equal magnitude to exert different effects on future volatility. It models conditional volatility in terms of the absolute value of lagged residuals split by a sign threshold, capturing the well-documented leverage effect in financial return series.	The ARCH model, introduced by Robert Engle in 1982, captures time-varying volatility in financial and macroeconomic time series. It models the conditional variance of today's error as a function of past squared errors, explaining why volatile periods cluster together — a phenomenon known as volatility clustering.	The Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model, introduced by Nelson (1991), extends the standard GARCH framework by modelling the logarithm of conditional variance. This ensures variance is always positive without parameter constraints and, crucially, allows negative and positive shocks to have asymmetric effects on volatility — capturing the well-known leverage effect in financial markets.	The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model, introduced by Tim Bollerslev in 1986, models the time-varying conditional variance of a financial time series. It captures volatility clustering and the ARCH effect, and is the standard tool for estimating risk and volatility in return series.