مقایسهٔ روشها
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| روایی محتوای چندسطحی× | تحلیل عاملی تأییدی چندسطحی (MCFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| حوزه | روانسنجی | روانسنجی |
| خانواده | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سال پیدایش≠ | 1975–2000s | 1994 |
| پدیدآور≠ | Rooted in Lawshe (1975) for content validity; multilevel extension developed through multilevel psychometric literature from the 1990s onward | Bengt O. Muthen |
| نوع≠ | Validity evaluation / expert judgment | Latent variable model / measurement model |
| منبع بنیادین≠ | Lynn, M. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382–385. DOI ↗ | Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398. DOI ↗ |
| نامهای دیگر | hierarchical content validity, nested-data content validity, multilevel scale content evaluation, MCV | MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA |
| مرتبط | 6 | 6 |
| خلاصه≠ | Multilevel content validity extends the classical content validity framework to settings where items, raters, or respondents are nested within hierarchical structures — such as students within schools, patients within clinics, or items rated by panels from distinct cultural or professional groups. It ensures that scale content is relevant and representative at every level of the hierarchy, not just in the aggregate. | Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations. |
| ScholarGateمجموعهداده ↗ |
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