مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	MICE	چندگانه سازی
حوزه	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	2011	1987
پدیدآور	Stef van Buuren & Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn	Donald B. Rubin
نوع	Iterative multiple imputation algorithm	Missing-data handling procedure
منبع بنیادین	van Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2011). mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1–67.	Rubin, D.B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. Wiley.
نام‌های دیگر	Fully Conditional Specification, Sequential Regression Multivariate Imputation, Chained Equations Imputation, Zincirleme Denklemlerle Çoklu Atama	MICE, Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations, Çoklu Atama (Multiple Imputation — MICE)
مرتبط	3	1
خلاصه	Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE) is an iterative procedure for handling missing data in multivariate datasets. Introduced by Stef van Buuren and Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn through the R package mice (2011), the algorithm fills each missing variable using a separate regression model conditioned on all other variables, cycling through variables repeatedly until the imputed values converge. The result is m completed datasets that are analysed separately and combined using Rubin's rules.	Multiple Imputation (MI), formally introduced by Donald B. Rubin in 1987, is a principled statistical procedure for handling missing data. Rather than replacing each missing value once, MI fills the gaps m times — each time drawing plausible values from the posterior predictive distribution of the missing data — producing m complete datasets. Each dataset is analysed independently, and the results are combined into a single set of estimates using Rubin's pooling rules. The MICE variant (Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations), popularised by van Buuren and Groothuis-Oudshoorn (2011), extends the approach to mixed variable types by imputing each variable in turn through a sequence of conditional regression models.