مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	امگا سلسله مراتبی مک‌دونالد (ωh)	مدل بای‌فکتور (عوامل عمومی و اختصاصی)
حوزه	روان‌سنجی	روان‌سنجی
خانواده	Latent structure	Latent structure
سال پیدایش	1999	1937
پدیدآور	Roderick P. McDonald	Holzinger & Swineford (1937); modern revival by Reise (2012)
نوع	Reliability / composite score validity coefficient	Confirmatory latent variable model
منبع بنیادین	Reise, S. P., Scheines, R., Widaman, K. F. & Haviland, M. G. (2013). Multidimensionality and structural coefficient bias in structural equation modeling: A bifactor perspective. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(1), 5–26.	Reise, S. P. (2012). The Rediscovery of Bifactor Measurement Models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(5), 667–696.
نام‌های دیگر	omega hierarchical, omega-h, bifactor omega, composite score validity coefficient	Bifaktör Modeli — Genel ve Spesifik Faktörler, hierarchical factor model, general-specific factor model, Schmid-Leiman model
مرتبط	5	6
خلاصه	McDonald's hierarchical omega (ωh) is a coefficient derived from a bifactor confirmatory factor model that quantifies what proportion of total-score variance is attributable to a single general factor rather than to group-specific factors or item-level error. Introduced by Roderick P. McDonald (1999) and elaborated for bifactor applications by Reise and colleagues (2013) and Rodriguez and colleagues (2016), it is the primary index used in psychometrics to evaluate whether a composite total score is a defensible summary of a multidimensional scale.	The bifactor measurement model specifies that every indicator loads simultaneously on a single general factor and on one of several specific (group) factors. Formally introduced by Holzinger and Swineford in 1937 and brought into mainstream psychometrics by Reise (2012), it is now the standard tool for evaluating whether a multidimensional scale can legitimately yield a single composite score.