مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (MANOVA)	تحلیل کوواریانس (ANCOVA)	تحلیل تمایز	آزمون تی نمونه‌های مستقل	تحلیل واریانس یک‌طرفه
حوزه	آمار	آمار	آمار	آمار	آمار
خانواده	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test	Latent structure	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سال پیدایش	1932	1932	1936	1908	1925
پدیدآور	Samuel Stanley Wilks (Wilks' Lambda, 1932); Roy, Hotelling, Pillai (mid-20th c.)	Ronald A. Fisher	Ronald A. Fisher	Student (W. S. Gosset)	Ronald A. Fisher
نوع	Parametric multivariate mean comparison	Parametric group comparison with covariate control	Supervised classification and dimension reduction	Parametric mean comparison	Parametric mean comparison
منبع بنیادین	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (6th ed.). Pearson. ISBN: 978-0205849574	Fisher, R. A. (1936). The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Annals of Eugenics, 7(2), 179–188.	Student (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6(1), 1–25.	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.
نام‌های دیگر	Multivariate ANOVA, Çok Değişkenli ANOVA (MANOVA)	analysis of covariance, covariance analysis, ANCOVA (Kovaryans Analizi)	LDA, Fisher discriminant analysis, discriminant function analysis, canonical discriminant analysis	student t-test, two-sample t-test, unpaired t-test, bağımsız örneklem t-testi	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA
مرتبط	5	4	4	4	4
خلاصه	MANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that simultaneously compares group means across multiple continuous dependent variables, controlling the inflation of Type I error that would result from running separate ANOVAs. Key multivariate test statistics — Wilks' Lambda, Pillai's Trace, Hotelling-Lawley Trace, and Roy's Greatest Root — were developed between the 1930s and 1950s, with Wilks' Lambda formalised by Samuel Stanley Wilks in 1932.	ANCOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the adjusted means of two or more independent groups while statistically controlling for one or more continuous covariates. By removing the portion of outcome variance explained by the covariate, ANCOVA increases statistical precision and produces fairer group comparisons. The method builds on the general linear model framework consolidated by Fisher in the early 1930s and is described comprehensively by Tabachnick and Fidell (2013).	Discriminant analysis finds linear combinations of predictor variables that best separate two or more known groups. It is used both to understand which predictors distinguish the groups and to classify new observations into those groups with minimum error.	The independent samples t-test is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of two independent groups to decide whether they differ significantly. It builds on the t-distribution introduced by Student (W. S. Gosset) in 1908 and assumes the measured values are continuous, approximately normally distributed, and have equal variances.	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.