مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس توانمندی مدیریت دانش	مقیاس ظرفیت جذب
حوزه	مدیریت استراتژیک	مدیریت استراتژیک
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1995	2002
پدیدآور	Ikujiro Nonaka and Hirotaka Takeuchi (SECI model); adapted by organizational scholars	Shaker Zahra and Gerard George
نوع	Organizational self-report questionnaire	Organizational self-report questionnaire
منبع بنیادین	Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press.	Zahra, S. A., & George, G. (2002). Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization, and extension. Academy of Management Review, 27(2), 185–203.
نام‌های دیگر	KM Capability Scale, Knowledge Management Maturity Scale	ACAP, Zahra-George Scale
مرتبط	5	5
خلاصه	Knowledge Management (KM) refers to the organizational capacity to create, capture, organize, and apply knowledge to improve organizational effectiveness, innovation, and decision-making. Nonaka and Takeuchi's (1995) knowledge-creating company framework conceptualized knowledge as moving through four conversion modes: socialization (tacit to tacit knowledge transfer through experience), externalization (tacit knowledge articulation into explicit forms), combination (explicit knowledge assembly into systems), and internalization (explicit knowledge absorption into tacit understanding). This scale measures organizational capability across the four KM processes—knowledge creation, capture, sharing, and application—revealing where organizations excel or struggle in converting information into competitive advantage.	Absorptive Capacity (ACAP) refers to an organization's ability to acquire, assimilate, transform, and exploit external knowledge to enhance innovation and performance. Zahra and George (2002) reconceptualized absorptive capacity into four distinct but interrelated processes in their foundational Academy of Management Review article. This measurement scale captures organizational learning dynamics and knowledge-based competitive advantage, making it essential for assessing innovation capability and knowledge management effectiveness.