مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مطالعه موردی تفسیری	قوم‌نگاری	پژوهش روایی
حوزه	کیفی	کیفی	پژوهش کیفی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1978–1995 (Stake's foundational works)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	2000
پدیدآور	Robert E. Stake; extended by Bent Flyvbjerg	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly
نوع	Qualitative research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Method
منبع بنیادین	Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957671	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Clandinin, D. J., & Connelly, F. M. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. Jossey-Bass.
نام‌های دیگر	intrinsic case study, constructivist case study, qualitative case study, naturalistic case study	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	Narrative Analysis, Narrative Research, Life Story Method
مرتبط	6	5	3
خلاصه	Interpretive case study is a qualitative research design in which the researcher selects a bounded real-world case — a person, program, event, organization, or community — and seeks to understand it from the inside, through the meanings participants themselves construct. Unlike explanatory or descriptive case study, the interpretive variant foregrounds the researcher's active role in making sense of complex, context-laden data rather than testing hypotheses or cataloguing facts.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Narrative inquiry is a qualitative research methodology that treats stories and life narratives as primary data, analyzing how individuals construct meaning and identity through storytelling. Developed by D. Jean Clandinin and F. Michael Connelly (2000), narrative inquiry examines the narratives people tell about their lives, experiences, and transitions, understanding that people make sense of experience through narrative.