مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	درختان اضافی (Extra Trees)	درخت تصمیم	گرادیان بوستینگ (Gradient Boosting)
حوزه	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین	یادگیری ماشین
خانواده	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سال پیدایش	2006	1984	2001
پدیدآور	Geurts, P.; Ernst, D.; Wehenkel, L.	Breiman, Friedman, Olshen & Stone	Friedman, J. H.
نوع	Ensemble (extremely randomized decision trees)	Recursive partitioning (if-then rules)	Ensemble (sequential boosting of decision trees)
منبع بنیادین	Geurts, P., Ernst, D. & Wehenkel, L. (2006). Extremely randomized trees. Machine Learning, 63(1), 3–42.	Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A. & Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Wadsworth.	Friedman, J. H. (2001). Greedy Function Approximation: A Gradient Boosting Machine. Annals of Statistics, 29(5), 1189–1232.
نام‌های دیگر	Extremely Randomized Trees, ExtraTreesClassifier, ExtraTreesRegressor, ET	Karar Ağacı (Decision Tree), karar ağacı, classification tree, regression tree	Gradient Boosting (GBM), GBM, gradient boosted trees, gradient boosting machine
مرتبط	5	5	5
خلاصه	Extra Trees (Extremely Randomized Trees), introduced by Geurts, Ernst, and Wehenkel in 2006, is an ensemble of decision trees that pushes randomisation further than Random Forest. Both the candidate features and the split thresholds are chosen completely at random at each node, eliminating the greedy search over thresholds. This extra randomness reduces variance, often matches or exceeds Random Forest accuracy, and runs substantially faster at training time.	A Decision Tree is an interpretable classification and regression method, formalised by Breiman, Friedman, Olshen and Stone in their 1984 CART framework, that partitions the data with hierarchical if-then rules. Each split sends observations down one branch or another until a prediction is read off the leaf.	Gradient Boosting is an ensemble learning method, formalised by Jerome H. Friedman in 2001, that combines a sequence of weak learners — typically shallow decision trees — so that each new tree is fitted to minimise the residual errors of the trees before it. It is the core algorithm behind popular implementations such as XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost.