مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	ارزیابی پویای تأثیر پادواقعی	تفاوت در تفاوت‌های پویا
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	1986–2009	2021
پدیدآور	Robins (1986); Lechner (2009) for sequential treatment settings	Callaway & Sant'Anna; Sun & Abraham
نوع	Causal inference / program evaluation	Causal inference / quasi-experimental
منبع بنیادین	Robins, J. M. (1986). A new approach to causal inference in mortality studies with a sustained exposure period — application to control of the healthy worker survivor effect. Mathematical Modelling, 7(9-12), 1393-1512.	Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230.
نام‌های دیگر	dynamic CIE, dynamic treatment evaluation, time-varying counterfactual analysis, longitudinal counterfactual evaluation	Dynamic DiD, Staggered DiD, Event-time DiD, Heterogeneous-timing DiD
مرتبط	6	4
خلاصه	Dynamic Counterfactual Impact Evaluation (dynamic CIE) extends standard counterfactual program evaluation to settings where treatment is assigned sequentially across multiple periods. Rather than comparing a single treated versus untreated state, it estimates the causal effect of entire treatment trajectories or regimes, accounting for how intermediate outcomes and time-varying covariates feed back into subsequent treatment decisions.	Dynamic Difference-in-Differences extends the classic DiD framework to settings where units adopt treatment at different times. Rather than collapsing all variation into a single 2x2 comparison, it estimates group-time average treatment effects for each adoption cohort at each calendar period, then aggregates them into interpretable summaries of the causal effect over event time.