مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	شاخص دان	شاخص کالینسکی-هاراباس	شاخص دیویس-بولدین	آماره شکاف	Inertia (Within-Cluster Sum of Squares)
حوزه	ارزیابی مدل	ارزیابی مدل	ارزیابی مدل	ارزیابی مدل	ارزیابی مدل
خانواده	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM	MCDM
سال پیدایش	1974	1974	1979	2001	1967
پدیدآور	Joseph C. Dunn	Tadeusz Calinski, Jerzy Harabasz	David L. Davies, Donald W. Bouldin	Robert Tibshirani, Guenther Walther, Trevor Hastie	Stuart Lloyd, James MacQueen
نوع	Cluster quality metric	Cluster quality metric	Cluster quality metric	Statistical criterion	Clustering quality metric
منبع بنیادین	Dunn, J. C. (1974). Well-separated clusters and optimal fuzzy partitions. Journal of Cybernetics, 4(1), 95-104.	Calinski, T., & Harabasz, J. (1974). A dendrite method for cluster analysis. Communications in Statistics, 3(1), 1-27.	Davies, D. L., & Bouldin, D. W. (1979). A cluster separation measure. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1(2), 224-227.	Tibshirani, R., Walther, G., & Hastie, T. (2001). Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology), 63(2), 411-423.	Lloyd, S. P. (1982). Least squares quantization in PCM. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 28(2), 129-137.
نام‌های دیگر	Dunn's index, separation coefficient	variance ratio criterion, pseudo F-statistic, CH index	DBI, Davies Bouldin index	gap index, Tibshirani gap statistic	WCSS, within-cluster sum of squares, cluster cohesion
مرتبط	5	5	5	5	5
خلاصه	The Dunn Index, introduced by Joseph C. Dunn in 1974, is a metric that captures cluster quality by measuring the ratio of the minimum between-cluster distance to the maximum within-cluster diameter. Higher values indicate well-separated and compact clusters, with better clustering quality.	The Calinski-Harabasz Index, also called the Variance Ratio Criterion, was introduced by Calinski and Harabasz in 1974. It is a metric that measures the ratio of between-cluster variance to within-cluster variance, adjusted for the number of clusters and data points. Higher values indicate better-separated, more compact clusters.	The Davies-Bouldin Index, introduced by Davies and Bouldin in 1979, is a metric for evaluating clustering quality based on the average similarity between each cluster and its most similar neighboring cluster. Lower values indicate better clustering, with a minimum of 0 representing perfectly separated, non-overlapping clusters.	The Gap Statistic, developed by Tibshirani, Walther, and Hastie in 2001, is a principled statistical method for determining the optimal number of clusters in a dataset. It compares the observed within-cluster sum of squares to the expected value under a null hypothesis of no clustering structure, providing a theoretically grounded approach to cluster number selection.	Inertia, also called Within-Cluster Sum of Squares (WCSS), is a measure of cluster cohesion that quantifies how tightly points are grouped around their cluster centroids. Lower values indicate more compact, cohesive clusters. Inertia is the primary objective function for k-means clustering and has been a fundamental metric since the method's introduction.