مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	تطابق دقیق تقریب‌زده (CEM)	تراز کردن آنتروپی
حوزه	استنتاج علّی	استنتاج علّی
خانواده	Regression model	Regression model
سال پیدایش	2011-2012	2012
پدیدآور	Iacus, King, & Porro	Jens Hainmueller
نوع	Matching / causal inference	Covariate-balancing reweighting
منبع بنیادین	Iacus, S. M., King, G., & Porro, G. (2012). Causal Inference without Balance Checking: Coarsened Exact Matching. Political Analysis, 20(1), 1-24.	Hainmueller, J. (2012). Entropy balancing for causal effects: A multivariate reweighting method to produce balanced samples in observational studies. Political Analysis, 20(1), 25-46.
نام‌های دیگر	CEM, coarsened matching, monotonic imbalance bounding matching	EB, entropy reweighting, covariate balancing via entropy, Hainmueller balancing
مرتبط	6	6
خلاصه	Coarsened Exact Matching is a preprocessing method that achieves covariate balance by temporarily coarsening continuous variables into bins, exactly matching treated and control units within those bins, and then discarding all unmatched units. Introduced by Iacus, King, and Porro (2011, 2012), it bounds imbalance on each covariate independently, yielding a matched sample on which any estimator can be applied without relying on a propensity score model.	Entropy balancing is a preprocessing method for causal inference that assigns weights to control-group units so that the reweighted control sample matches the treatment group exactly on a chosen set of covariate moments (means, variances, skewness). Introduced by Hainmueller (2012), it replaces trial-and-error propensity-score trimming with a constrained maximum-entropy optimisation that achieves balance in a single step.