مقایسهٔ روش‌ها

	مقیاس خودکارآمدی تحصیلی	پرسشنامه فرآیند مطالعه
حوزه	روان‌شناسی تربیتی	روان‌شناسی تربیتی
خانواده	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سال پیدایش	1977	1987
پدیدآور	Albert Bandura	John Biggs
نوع	Self-efficacy belief measurement	Self-report learning process inventory
منبع بنیادین	Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.
نام‌های دیگر	ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ
مرتبط	4	4
خلاصه	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges.	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.