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Counseling

School counseling and guidance support students' academic, career, and personal-social development within educational settings.

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Scope

It covers career and vocational guidance, counseling theories and techniques in schools, and the social-emotional support of learners.

Sub-topics

Core questions

  • How can schools support students' development and choices?
  • How is career guidance provided?
  • What counseling approaches suit educational settings?
  • How are students' social-emotional needs met?

Key concepts

  • Vocational guidance
  • Career development
  • Person-centred counseling
  • Social-emotional learning
  • Student support

Key theories

Vocational guidance
Parsons founded systematic vocational guidance, matching person to occupation.
Person-centred counseling
Rogers's client-centred approach shaped school and educational counseling.
Career development
Super theorized career as lifelong developmental self-concept implementation.

History

School guidance grew from the vocational-guidance movement (Parsons), incorporated humanistic counseling (Rogers) and developmental career theory (Super), and now spans comprehensive school-counseling programs.

Debates

Guidance versus therapy in schools
How far school counseling should extend into clinical mental-health work.

Key figures

  • Frank Parsons
  • Carl Rogers
  • Donald Super

Related topics

Seminal works

  • parsons-1909
  • rogers-1951
  • super-1957

Frequently asked questions

What does school counseling do?
It supports students' academic, career, and social-emotional development through guidance, counseling, and coordinated support.

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