Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form

Yes, absolutely. Breastfeeding confidence is modifiable. Interventions shown to improve BSES scores include one-on-one lactation consultation, hands-on latch support, peer or group support, antenatal education, and postpartum follow-up support. Confidence typically improves as breastfeeding skill develops and early challenges resolve.

No. Low scores predict increased risk but do not determine outcome. Many low-confidence mothers successfully breastfeed with appropriate support. Early identification allows proactive intervention to boost confidence and prevent premature cessation.

Yes, the BSES-SF can be administered during pregnancy to identify women with low antenatal breastfeeding confidence. Antenatal screening allows childbirth educators and lactation specialists to provide confidence-building education before delivery, potentially preventing early postpartum difficulties.

BSES measures perceived confidence and ability; insufficient milk supply is an objective clinical problem (inadequate milk production). The two are distinct but can co-occur. A mother with low confidence may produce adequate milk but abandon breastfeeding due to doubt. Conversely, a confident mother with actual low supply will encounter failure despite high confidence. Both require support: confidence-building for the first, clinical milk supply assessment and lactation management for the second.