Process / pipelineHealth-related quality of life

SF-12 Health Survey

The SF-12 is a brief, 12-item version of the SF-36 health survey developed by Ware, Kosinski, and Keller in 1996. Designed to reduce respondent burden while maintaining psychometric validity, it has become the standard instrument for large-scale surveys, epidemiological studies, and health outcomes research where administration time is critical.

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Sources

  1. Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (1996). A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Medical Care, 34(3), 220–233. DOI: 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003
  2. Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M., & Keller, S. D. (2002). SF-12: How to score the SF-12 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales (3rd ed.). QualityMetric. link
  3. Gandek, B., Ware, J. E., Aaronson, N. K., et al. (2004). Cross-validation of item selection and scoring for the SF-12 Health Survey in nine countries. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 51(11), 1171–1178. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-4356(98)00109-7

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Referenced by

ScholarGateSF-12 Health Survey (Short Form 12-Item Health Survey). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/health-measurement/sf-12