Process / pipelineElectromagnetic imaging
Ground-Penetrating Radar
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a near-surface geophysical method that uses high-frequency electromagnetic pulses (typically 10 MHz to 2.5 GHz) to image shallow subsurface structures with exceptional spatial resolution. Pioneered by Davis and Annan in 1989, GPR is widely used in archaeology, civil engineering, environmental assessment, and shallow mineral exploration due to its ability to resolve features at decimeter to centimeter scales.
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Sources
- Davis, J. L., & Annan, A. P. (1989). Ground-penetrating radar for high-resolution mapping of soil and rock stratigraphy. Geophysical Prospecting, 37(5), 531-551. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2478.1989.tb02221.x ↗
- Jol, H. M. (2009). Ground penetrating radar: Theory and applications. Elsevier. link ↗