Process / pipelineExperimental design

Pragmatic A/B Test — Real-World Randomized Comparison

A pragmatic A/B test is a randomized comparative experiment that evaluates two alternatives — a control (A) and a treatment (B) — under real-world operating conditions rather than tightly controlled laboratory settings. Rooted in the pragmatic-versus-explanatory trial distinction introduced by Schwartz and Lellouch in 1967 and brought to large-scale practice by online experimentation teams at Microsoft, Google, and Amazon, it prioritizes decision-relevant effectiveness over internal mechanistic explanation.

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Sources

  1. Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(67)90041-0
  2. Kohavi, R., Tang, D., & Xu, Y. (2020). Trustworthy Online Controlled Experiments: A Practical Guide to A/B Testing. Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-1108724265

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Referenced by

ScholarGatePragmatic A/B Test (Pragmatic A/B Testing (Pragmatic Randomized Experiment)). Retrieved 2026-06-04 from https://scholargate.app/en/experimental-design/pragmatic-ab-test