Writing Apprehension Test
The Writing Apprehension Test measures the degree of anxiety and negative affect experienced in writing situations. Developed by Daly and Miller in 1975, the WAT identifies students with writing anxiety—a prevalent barrier to academic success, particularly in college coursework where writing is extensive. Writing apprehension leads to avoidance of writing tasks, procrastination, and reduced writing quality independent of actual writing ability. Early identification and targeted support can significantly improve both writing confidence and academic outcomes.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Daly, J. A., & Miller, M. D. (1975). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242–249. · URL
- Choi, H. J. (2011). Writing apprehension, attitude toward writing and self-efficacy in basic college writers. Journal of Korea Academy Industrial Cooperation Society, 12(5), 2023–2031. · URL
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