Spatial Propensity Score Weighting
Spatial propensity score weighting extends inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to settings where units are geographically located and treatment assignment may depend on spatial factors such as location, neighborhood characteristics, or spatial clustering. By incorporating spatial covariates into the propensity score model and adjusting standard errors for spatial autocorrelation, it produces more credible causal estimates from observational geographic data.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Keele, L., & Titiunik, R. (2015). Geographic Boundaries as Regression Discontinuities. Political Analysis, 23(1), 127-155. · DOI 10.1093/pan/mpu014
- Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient Estimation of Average Treatment Effects Using the Estimated Propensity Score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161-1189. · DOI 10.1111/1468-0262.00442
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