Psychological Safety Scale
The Psychological Safety Scale (PSS), developed by Amy Edmondson in 1999, measures team members' shared perception that they can take interpersonal risks—speaking up, asking questions, admitting mistakes, proposing new ideas—without fear of embarrassment, punishment, or rejection. The 7-item scale captures a team-level construct fundamental to learning, innovation, and psychological well-being. High psychological safety predicts team performance, learning from errors, information sharing, and adaptive responses to change.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
- Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. · DOI 10.2307/2666999
- Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The fearless organization: Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. · ISBN 978-1119477242
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