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Pain Catastrophizing Scale/Evidence
Method evidence record

Pain Catastrophizing Scale

The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / pain-medicine
  • Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532. · DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.524
  • Sullivan, M.J.L., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J.A., et al. (2001). Theoretical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(1), 52-64. · DOI 10.1097/00002508-200103000-00008
  • Osman, A., Barrios, F.X., Gutierrez, P.M., et al. (2000). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Further psychometric evaluation with adult samples. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(4), 351-365. · DOI 10.1023/A:1005548801037
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Curated claims

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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyCentral Sensitization Inventorymachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyMcGill Pain Questionnairemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyPain Anxiety Symptoms Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyPain Self-Efficacy Questionnairemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

3 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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