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Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale/Evidence
Method evidence record

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / clinical-psychology
  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. · DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x
  • Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002). The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: An updated literature review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 52(2), 69-77. · DOI 10.1016/S0022-3999(01)00296-3
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Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Same method familyCenter for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyGeneral Health Questionnairemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyHamilton Anxiety Rating Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Same method familyKessler Psychological Distress Scalemachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

2 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

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