Skip to contentScholarGate
LibraryBookshelfDeskReview StudioAssistant
Sign in
Fourier system GMM/Evidence
Method evidence record

Fourier system GMM

Fourier system GMM embeds Fourier trigonometric terms into the System GMM estimator of Blundell and Bond (1998) to accommodate smooth, gradual structural breaks in dynamic panel data. By adding sine and cosine components as regressors, the estimator captures unknown, potentially multiple regime shifts without requiring prior knowledge of break dates, while preserving the instrument-based controls for endogeneity and individual fixed effects.

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Source record

Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.

Fourier-Augmented System Generalized Method of Moments
Taxonomic method record · regression-model / econometrics
  • Blundell, R., & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115–143. · DOI 10.1016/S0304-4076(98)00009-8
  • Gallant, A. R. (1981). On the bias in flexible functional forms and an essentially unbiased form: The Fourier flexible form. Journal of Econometrics, 15(2), 211–245. · DOI 10.1016/0304-4076(81)90115-9
Open full method

Curated claims

Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.

No curated claims yet

This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.

Related methods

Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.

Taxonomic bucketArellano-Bond GMM estimatormachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketDynamic Panel Data Modelmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketFourier ARDL Bounds Testmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketFourier Arellano-Bond GMMmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketPanel System GMMmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.Taxonomic bucketStructural Break System GMMmachine-suggested · Relational suggestion, not evidence.

Evidence status

Sources recorded, not reviewed

Bibliographic sources are present. Claim-level evidence review has not been performed.

Sources

2 recorded citations, copied from the method source record.

Actions

Open method page
ScholarGate

A content-first reference library for research methods — what each one is, how it works, and where it comes from.

Open data (CC-BY)

Explore

  • Library
  • Search the library…
  • Browse by field
  • Fields
  • Journey
  • Compare
  • Which method?

Reference

  • Subjects
  • Atlas
  • Glossary
  • Methodology
  • Philosophy

Your tools

  • Bookshelf
  • Desk
  • Chat

Company

  • About
  • Pricing
  • Contact
  • Suggest a method

Entries are compiled from published sources for reference. Verifying the accuracy and suitability of any information for your own use remains your responsibility.

© 2026 ScholarGate · A research-method reference library
  • Privacy
  • Cookies
  • Terms
  • Delete account