Method evidence record
Combat Exposure Scale
The CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD.
Source record
Citations copied verbatim from the method’s source record. No claim-level verification is inferred from them.
Combat Exposure Scale
Taxonomic method record · process-pipeline / military-psychology
- Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55. · DOI 10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.53
- Keane, T. M., Caddell, J. M., & Taylor, K. L. (1988). Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related PTSD: Three studies in reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(1), 85-90. · DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.56.1.85
Curated claims
Claims persisted in the evidence ledger, each with its own assessment.
No curated claims yet
This view does not invent a claim assessment when the ledger has none.
Related methods
Generated from the method graph and shown as machine-suggested relations — no evidence claim is inferred.