Compare methods

	Network Agenda-Setting	Framing Analysis
Field	Communication	Communication
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2011	1993
Originator	Lei Guo & Maxwell McCombs	Robert M. Entman (synthesis); roots in Goffman, Tuchman, Gitlin
Type	Network-analytic extension of agenda-setting theory	Interpretive-quantitative analysis of how messages select and emphasize aspects of reality
Seminal source	Guo, L. (2012). The application of social network analysis in agenda-setting research: A methodological exploration. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 616–631.	Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58.
Aliases	Network agenda setting model, Third-level agenda setting, NAS model, Ağ Gündem Belirleme	Frame analysis, Media framing analysis method, Frame mapping, Çerçeveleme Analizi
Related	4	5
Summary	Network agenda-setting (NAS), also called third-level agenda setting, extends classic agenda-setting theory by proposing that news media transfer to the public not only the salience of issues (first level) and of attributes (second level), but the very web of associations among issues and attributes. Introduced by Lei Guo and Maxwell McCombs, the method represents the media agenda and the public agenda as networks and tests whether the media's bundling of elements is reproduced in the public's mind.	Framing analysis is a communication research method for studying how messages select certain aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient — promoting a particular problem definition, causal interpretation, moral evaluation, and treatment recommendation. Building on Robert Entman's influential 1993 synthesis, it moves beyond counting what is present to reconstructing the organizing ideas, or frames, that give media coverage its meaning and persuasive shape.